Essay on Rhetorical Analysis of Artifact The Ballot or...

Rhetorical Analysis of Artifact: The Ballot or the Bullet Speech Given by Malcolm X I. Introduction: Though almost half a century has passed, the Civil Rights Movement remains one freshly imprinted in not only the history books of US schools but also in the minds of countless Americans. Albeit, American society has come quite a ways in the acceptance of the individual - regardless of sex, age, creed or ethnicity - prejudices of different sorts are still to be found throughout every one of the united states of America. The Civil Rights Movement fought to overcome the racial inequalities inherent and ingrained in the minds of Americas citizens and the government which they oversaw; it was†¦show more content†¦It is a strong, unique argument and call to arms against any government which unjustly governs its law-abiding citizens. II. Research Question: How does an individual, in this case - Malcolm X, incite a people to rise against their government, particularly through violent means? III. Artifact Description: This speech, entitled The Ballot or the Bullet, was given by Malcolm X; the speech itself was performed several times, however the analysis of this paper is based upon the delivery on 3, April 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio. Malcolm X gave the speech at Cory Methodist Church during a symposium sponsored by CORE, the Congress of Racial Equality. The Ballot or the Bullet was one of many speeches which addressed a top issue in the United States at the time, that of civil rights. For a period of over twenty years, black Americans had actively been pursuing their civil liberties which they felt were being denied them. Over this prolonged period of time, several events could be highlighted for their contribution to the progress of the movement. In 1942, CORE was founded and held its first session in Chicago. In 1946, President Truman created a civil rights committee which found racial discrimination to be a national problem, and shortly thereafter, the US Supreme Court banned segregation on interstate buses. Around 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged

Children Exhibit Behaviors That Are Associated With...

Children exhibit behaviors that are associated with Bipolar Disorder (BPD) as early as 2 years of age. However, many children are not diagnosed until older due to the subjectivity of diagnosing children with mental disorders while their brains are still developing. This leads to a prolonged delay in diagnosis and treatment. However, with recent research, we are able to view and compare brain structures of those with BPD to those who are not affected by BPD. By MRI and fMRI scans, there are regions in the brain that are associated with BPD at certain sizes and activity levels. Individuals with Bipolar show decreased brain volumes in emotion related neurocircuitry, such as the amygdala and the prefrontal cortical regions (Marrus, Bell, Luby, 2014). With being able to see structural abnormalities within the brain we are also able to determine if treatments for these disorders are effective. With the use of proper medication, volumetric differences occur in the regions of the brain that are associated with BPD and therefore provide evidence that brain structure abnormalities can be â€Å"normalized† with medication. However, even with treatment, individuals with BPD tend to follow the trend that they are still more susceptible to drug abuse, aggressive behavior, and binge drinking later on in life (Swendsen et al., 2010). Additionally, BPD used to always be considered the sole mental illness an individual had but recently it has been shown that BPD is comorbid with other diseases,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1289 Words   |  6 Pageswith bipolar disorder (BD) can have occupations and can interact normally with others if the disorder is kept under control or manage by psychopharmacological interventions. The lability that can be seen during the manic episodes may be puzzling or irritating to those who are not familiar with the different signs and symptoms that a person may display during this phase. In view of the unpredictabil ity or lability that individuals with BD may exhibit and the consequences of their behaviors, it isRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Bipolar Disorder On The Development Of Children Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Parental Bipolar Disorder on the Development of Children According to a study conducted by Diler et al. (2011), the children of parents with bipolar disorder are the most at risk for developing bipolar disorder and other psychiatric mood disorders. Parents and caregivers with bipolar disorder represent a unique factor that may alter healthy emotional and behavioral development of children. As bipolar disorder is a neurological disorder that causes drastic shifts in mood, abruptRead MorePsychhizophrenia Research Paper1333 Words   |  6 PagesIt is imperative to seek treatment for children or adolescents who present with the onset of serious mental illness. Early-onset of illness is a high prediction of poor outcomes for the patient. Severe mental illness diagnoses include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The schizophrenia spectrum includes schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder and xxxx. The diagnoses fall into xxx categories; xxx, xxxx and xxx. Early onset of schiz ophreniaRead MoreBipolar Disorder : The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1379 Words   |  6 Pagesterm ‘bipolar’ for those patients with depression that also experienced mania. In 1966, Jules Angst and C. Perris independently demonstrated that unipolar depression disorder could be differentiated in terms of clinical presentation, evolution, family history and therapeutic response. Their ideas stood the test of time and became assimilated in both the two main modern systems of classification for the diagnosis of mental disorder: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders publishedRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder, also commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual and heightened swings in a person’s mood, energy level, and ability to function. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and therefore, they are quite different from the norma l shifts in mood that everyone goes through on a daily basis. The effects of bipolar disorder can result in broken relationships, poor performance at work or school, self-mutilation, and even suicide. HoweverRead MorePsychological Aspects Of Criminal Behavior1565 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone to exhibit any kind of criminal behavior. In order to understand the root causes of criminal behavior and deviance of an offender, one must identify the particular parts of the human personality that play into the psychodynamics and psychosexual stages of development during childhood. From there mental disorders and other antisocial behavior may become apparent and imperative to the understanding of the origins of behavior. Psychodynamic theory explains the criminal behavior of an individualRead MoreBipoar: a Day in the Life1544 Words   |  7 PagesA Day in the Life: Bipolar Disorder Abstract Bipolar Disorder, sometimes referred to as a manic-depressive disorder, is best described as an illness that results in drastic and unpredictable mood swings, energy levels and one’s ability to complete daily tasks. Not to be confused with simply being tired or in a bad mood, the symptoms associated with bipolar disorders are drastic, severe and frightening for many. It can easily annihilate relationships, jeopardize careers and in some casesRead MoreThe Etiology Of The Disorder963 Words   |  4 Pagesetiology of the disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is an example of a disruptive disorder. Although there are no clear cut causes of ODD, there are factors that play a role in the development of the disorder. They include biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009). Biological factors include having a parent with a history of ADHD, ODD, or Conduct Disorder (CD), a parent with a mood disorder such as depressionRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Depressive Disorder2324 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Bipolar Depressive Disorder is a mental disorder referred to as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It is ranked the sixth leading cause of disability in the world by the World Health organization (Lopez, 2006). It is a brain-related disease that affects millions of people every year. This essay provides the condition’s description, incidence and prevalence, common characteristics, signs and symptoms, cellular and systemic changes, causative factors, diagnosis criteria, and treatment. AccordingRead MoreMental Disorders And Its Effects1437 Words   |  6 Pages Mental disorders are a result of different problems associated with the brain, and each problem has various symptoms. These disorders of the brain are normally characterized by different factors that are combined, such as emotions, relationships, behavior and abnormal thoughts. There are many reasons why mental disorders affect people, including family history and genes, life pressures and habits. Other factors like a history of drug abuse, stress, biology, a traumatic brain injury, exposure to

Vietnam War The Tet Offensive

In 1967, the North Vietnamese leadership vigorously debated how to move forward with the war. While some in the government, including Defense Minister Vo Nguyen Giap, advocated taking a defensive approach and opening negotiations, others called for pursuing a conventional military path to reunify the country. Having sustained heavy losses and with their economy suffering under the American bombing campaign, the decision was made to launch a large-scale offensive against US and South Vietnamese forces. This approach was justified by the belief that South Vietnamese troops were no longer combat effective and that the American presence in the country was highly unpopular. The leadership believed that the latter issue would incite a mass uprising across South Vietnam once the offensive began. Dubbed the  General Offensive, General Uprising, the operation was scheduled for the Tet (Lunar New Year) holiday in January 1968.            The preliminary phase called for diversionary attacks along the border areas to pull American troops away from the cities. Included among these was to be a major effort against the  US Marine base at Khe Sanh in northwest South Vietnam. These done, larger assaults would commence and Viet Cong insurgents would mount strikes against population centers and American bases.   The ultimate goal of the offensive was the destruction of the South Vietnamese government and military through a popular revolt as well as the eventual withdrawal of American forces. As such, a massive propaganda offensive would be conducted in conjunction with the military operations. Build up for the offensive commenced in mid-1967 and ultimately saw seven regiments and twenty battalions move south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. In addition, the Viet Cong was rearmed with AK-47 assault rifles and RPG-2 grenade launchers. The Tet Offensive - The Fighting: On January 21, 1968, an intense barrage of artillery hit Khe Sanh. This presaged a siege and battle that would last for seventy-seven days and would see 6,000 Marines hold off 20,000 North Vietnamese. Responding to the fighting,  General William Westmoreland, commanding US and ARVN forces, directed reinforcements north as he was concerned the North Vietnamese intended to overrun the northern provinces of the I Corps Tactical Zone. On the recommendation of III Corps commander  Lieutenant General Frederick Weyand, he also redeployed additional forces to the area around Saigon. This decision proved critical in the fighting that later ensured. Following the plan which hoped to see American forces drawn north to the fighting at Khe Sanh, Viet Cong units broke the traditional Tet cease-fire on January 30, 1968, by launching major attacks against most cities in South Vietnam. These were generally beaten back and no ARVN units broke or defected. For the next two months, US and ARVN forces, overseen by Westmoreland, successfully beat back the Viet Cong assault, with particularly heavy combat in the cities of Hue and Saigon. In the latter, Viet Cong forces succeeded in breaching the wall of the US Embassy before being eliminated. Once the fighting had ended, the Viet Cong had been permanently crippled and ceased to be an effective fighting force. On April 1, US forces began Operation Pegasus to relieve the Marines at Khe Sanh. This saw elements of the 1st and 3rd Marine Regiments strike up Route 9 towards Khe Sanh, while the 1st Air Cavalry Division moved by helicopter to capture key terrain features along the line of advance. After largely opening the road to Khe Sanh (Route 9) with this mix of air mobile and ground forces, the first major battle occurred on April 6, when a day-long engagement was fought with a PAVN blocking force. Pressing on, fighting largely concluded with a three-day fight near Khe Sanh village before US troops linked up with the besieged Marines on April 8. Results of the Tet Offensive While the Tet Offensive proved to be a military victory for the US and ARVN, it was a political and media disaster. Public support began to erode as Americans started to question the handling of the conflict. Others doubted Westmoreland’s ability to command, leading to his replacement in June 1968, by General Creighton Abrams. President Johnson’s popularity plummeted and he withdrew as a candidate for reelection. Ultimately, it was the media’s reaction and stressing of a widening â€Å"credibility gap† that did the most damage to the Johnson Administration’s efforts. Noted reporters, such as Walter Cronkite, began to openly criticize Johnson and the military leadership, as well as called for negotiated end to the war. Though he had low expectations, Johnson conceded and opened peace talks with North Vietnam in May 1968.

Organizational Behavior, Leadership, and Management

Introduction Leadership and management are two different concepts. Management is involved with the operational oversight of employees, departments, or processes, while leadership is involved with leading the company through organizational changes that are intended to enable the company to meet its objectives. Leaders are expected to carry themselves in a positive manner to motivate and influence the rest of the organization positively, because they act as an example to the rest of the employees in the organization. Since leadership is mainly influenced by the behavior, different leaders apply different strategies to ensure that the objectives of the company have been fully met (Sheahan, 2006). This paper analyzes the leadership theories and the methods and tools given situations while selecting the appropriate behavior of different leaders in resolving some problems in the organization. There are a number of theories that can be employed by the leaders in different organization. The first theory is the direct leadership theory; this is a type of leadership where leaders are mainly concerned with the productivity, the outcomes, and efficiency. The leaders use the action-and-outcome approach to get the goal achieved. The leader is less concerned in the aspect of creating a rapport between the employees. This theory can work best organization which is global, since the employees do not directly relate with their leader. The second leadership theory is the supportiveShow MoreRelatedImpact of Structure on Organizations891 Words   |  4 Pageson Organizations Impact of organizational structure There are several factors that influence organizations activity, presence within the business environment, and success on the market. Such a factor is represented by their organizational structure. This organizational structure refers to the hierarchy within the organization, to the lines of authority and communication, to the rights, but also to the limits of competence within the organization. The organizational structure influences the assignationRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academy of Organizational behavior management. Issue 4 (January-March 2013) (65 - 78). The primary purpose ofRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : An Organization1521 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior (OB) entails the study and usage of knowledge about how individuals, people, as well as groups function in organizations (Luthans Yousseff, 2007). Using a systematic approach, organizational behavior interprets people/organization relations in terms of the groups, individuals, entire organization, and social system. The main objective of organizational behavior is to help find or develop better relationships by attaining human objectives, social objectives and ultimatelyRead MoreMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper       Write  a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include  at least two scholarly citations from the library.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior PaperRead MoreToyota: a Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Leadership, and Organizational Structure836 Words   |  4 PagesToyota: A Glimpse of Leadership, Organizational Behavior, and Organizational Structure Courtney Berry Organizational behavior is the study of application of individuals’ behaviors within structured groups within an organization (Robbins Judge, 2007). The field of study identifies behaviors within specific groups and individuals in organizations and how the structures of organizations play a role in behaviors (Robbins Judge, 2007). In the past several months, the leading company in the carRead MoreCostco Wholesale Is A Retail Warehouse Club With 698 Stores1613 Words   |  7 Pagesweaknesses, opportunities and threats by examining Costco’s organizational environment, leadership strategies and human resource techniques. SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ Friendly and Supportive Work Environment †¢ Solid Leadership Base (Founder) †¢ Inclusion Program Weaknesses †¢ Work-Life Balance – Work Hours †¢ Poor Leadership Skills †¢ Seasonal and Temporary Hiring Practices Opportunities †¢ Opportunity for Advancement †¢ Founder’s Leadership vision still used †¢ Competitive Salaries and Benefits ThreatsRead MoreLeadership Analysis As An Art Is Critical In The Development1286 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership analysis as an art is critical in the development of the efficient skills relevant to management. The leadership is split into various psychological components for gross analysis that is essential in boosting the necessary skills. The analysis should take care of the social and cultural aspects encountered in the given context. All the subjects in the context must be considered for a non-bias analysis and overall conclusion on the state of leadership. Research has come up with variousRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pages(SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P), motivators and the environmentRead MoreEssay on Contingency Management Theory614 Words   |  3 PagesContingency Theory Contingency Management Theory can be utilized in most business applications. Contingency Management Theory defined on the premise that there is no best way to lead an organization as there are too variables, both internal and external (McGlone, 2005). The manager must change his or her leadership technique, depending on the situation (Nair, 2009). Contingency Management is dependent on the manager’s flexibility and personal library of potential responses to fulfill the needsRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Leadership1275 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical. Corporate scandals and ethical issues have increased the awareness, attention, and need of ethical leadership in business. Unique from other leadership types, ethical leadership is an overt leadership attempt to influence followers’ ethical conduct by emphasizing moral management. Ethical leaders play a critical role in promoting and perpetuating a social exchange and culture of honesty, accountability, unbiased treatment, consideration, and respect across an organization. Wang and

Ngc march Free Essays

Explain the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of a health and safety policy. (3) the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of the policy should set health and safety goals and objectives for the organization; demonstrate management’s commitment to health and safety; explain the allocation of resources to attain the stated goals and objectives and give an indication of the cultural health and safety framework for the organization. B) Outline the circumstances that would require a health and safety policy to be reviewed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ngc march or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5) circumstances such as significant changes in the structure of the organization; after the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods; following changes in key personnel or a change of premises; following changes in legislation; where audits, risk assessments, monitoring exercises or investigations into accidents and cases of ill-health show that the policy is no longer effective or relevant; following enforcement action by or the receipt of advice from the enforcement authority; as a result of consultation with the workforce; and after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review to suggest that another is due. Question 4 (a) Identify TWO types of health and safety inspection. (2) types of health and safety inspection such as pre-use checks for example of portable appliances or ladders; general periodic workplace inspections; statutory inspections and those associated with planned preventative maintenance; safety tours and safety sampling and in spections carried out by members of the enforcement authority. B) Outline the skills and knowledge that are required of an employee who conducts health and safety inspections. 6) qualities expected of an employee who carries out health and safety inspections, candidates were expected to refer firstly to the knowledge he/she should possess such as a general knowledge of health and safety together with the legal requirements and any published guidance; knowledge of the workplace and the work activities carried out with the procedures that have been introduced such as safe systems of work and the use of permits to work; and knowledge as to whom he/she should report the results of the inspections. Relevant skills would include the ability to identify hazards and risks and to detect deficiencies in the control measures provided; observational skills together with the ability to record and report observations; interpersonal skills including the ability to interview and question fellow emp loyees and finally and importantly the ability to recognize his/her own limitations. Question 5 Outline ways to help ensure the effectiveness of a health and safety committee. (8) One of the prime requirements in setting up an effective safety committee is to ensure that it has the full backing of senior management, is provided with terms of reference and objectives and that its membership constitutes an even balance between management and employee representatives under the chairmanship of a fair, strong but diplomatic individual with one member of sufficient seniority to authorize any agreed action. It would be essential that time and resources are set aside for committee meetings which should be at a convenient time and notified in advance to all members with a copy of the agenda. Items for discussion should be topical and relevant to the organization and the safety adviser should always be present to provide professional health and safety advice. Formal minutes should be prepared after each meeting including actions that have been agreed and a copy of these should be displayed where it is accessible to all employees, such as on the employee notice board, so that they might be aware of the decisions that have been taken. Question 6 (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘risk. (2) the probability or likelihood that an unwanted event will occur and the possible severity in terms of injury or damage, would it occur. (b) Give reasons why hazards may not be obvious to an employee exposed to them. 6) reasons such as over-familiarity following frequent contact with the hazard without recognizing any potential harm; lack of experience particularly in the case of young persons; sensory impairment; lack of attention arising from the routine or repetitive nature of the task being undertaken; warning alarms being masked by noise or the wearing of personal protective equipment; and inadequate provision of training, information and instruction. Other reasons which might have been given included the invisible nature of the hazard, such as that arising from exposure to biological agents, gases and radiation and those hazards where there is no obvious short term effect with little indication of what harm might be caused in the longer term. Question 7 (a) Outline the functions of a permit-to-work form. (2) functions of a permit to work system are to control high risk activities by ensuring set procedures are followed; to formally record control measures and to give signed authority for the activity to be carried out. B) Outline the elements that should be included in a typical permit-to- work form. 6) Elements which should be included in the permit include firstly a description and assessment of the task to be performed including the plant involved, its location and the foreseeable hazards associated with the task. This will determine the need for, and nature of the necessary controls such as, the isolation of sources of energy and other services, the provision and use of personal protective equipment, emergency arrangements and facilities, communication arrangements and the duration of the permit. An essential element of a permit to work system is the operation of the remit itself. By means of signatures, the permit should be issued by an authorized person, and accepted by the competent person responsible for the work. On completion of the work, the competent person would need to indicate on the permit that the area had been made safe in order for the permit to be cancelled by the authorized person, after which isolations could be removed. Question 8 An organization can monitor its health and safety performance using a variety of means. (a) Identify FOUR active monitoring methods. (4) inspections, surveys, tours, audits, environmental monitoring, health surveillance, behavioral observation and benchmarking against the performance of other like organizations. (b) Identify FOUR reactive monitoring methods. 4) reactive monitoring methods which might be used include accident and ill health reports and statistics, incidents of reported near misses and dangerous occurrences, property damage, actions taken by enforcement authorities, the number of civil actions and in surance claims and the costs involved in all of these. Question 9 Explain reasons why the following employees may be at greater risk in the oracle: (a) young persons; (4) the individual’s stage of physical development and maturity; lack of knowledge, experience, training and practical skills; lack of perception or awareness of risk; poorly developed communication skills; over enthusiasm and the tendency of young persons to take risks and to respond more readily to peer group pressure. How to cite Ngc march, Papers

National Economy Essay Example For Students

National Economy Essay National EconomyThe U.S. economy has been slowly growing since the spring of 1991, growth increased in 1997 when real gross domestic product rose 3.9 percent from an increase of 2.8 percent in 1996. At the same time inflation in 1997 fell to 2.3 percent decreasing the cost of living. Payroll jobs rose from 121.14 million in January to 124.29 million in December and the national unemployment rate declined over the year by .7%. This combination of events was good news for the businesses and the general public because it increased wealth and lowered prices. On July 2,1997 Thailand started a crisis in Asia which effected U.S. exports to the region. U.S. exports to Asia represent 30% of total exports but were cut in half to 13.4% in 1997. The interest declines offset some of the drag on the American economy from the reduced exports by concentration on construction and real estate. Asia crisis was a threat to the U.S. economy but a strong dollar and the reduced commodity demand helped to k eep the low inflation period. In 1998 the economy experienced further acceleration growth, unemployment decreased faster to lows not seen in 20 years and the price index stayed the same. Falling interest rates and oil prices encouraged consumers. Economists still kept a close eye on the unfolding events in Asia. In 1999 U.S. economy will slow due to weak markets around the world consumer spending will decrease and businesses will slow down their investing. Although inflation has not changed the decline in oil prices and the rising dollar will fade. Nations GDP is excepted to slow growth near 2% and the world economy possibly will stabilize. Oregons EconomyJust like the rest of the county Oregon has been booming since early 90s but came to a moderate pace in 1997. Oregon only experienced dramatic declines in lumber and wood products production and employment. In 1997 turmoil in Asia started which brought concern to the state due to its great exports to that region. Nike experienced l ost sales in Asia and laid of workers in Oregon. Other big companies like Intel, Mitsubishi Silicon, Hewlett Packard, Tektronix, and Sequent saw weakened sales and reduced employment. The number of people moving to Oregon declined and request for residential construction permits were down 2.9%. Oregons overall tax burden has declined with capped property taxes and rapid increases in personal income. In1999 economy will continue to grow but increments will diminish. Employment growth in 1998 was 2.4% and will fall in 1999 to 1.5%. Oregon and the Western RegionOregon along with Idaho and Utah experienced a decline in the total amount of people coming to their state. In the region all states saw job gains that were above the national average. Nevada, Idaho, California, Washington saw the fastest growth while Oregon and Utah eased. Employment in services the region did better when the nation except in Nevada, Utah and Oregon which slowed down from 1996. Only mining, military, and agricultural sectors saw earnings growth below the national figures in Oregon. Dividends, interest, and rental income rose above the national average of 4.3% in all the states while transfer payments rose more slowly than the nation in Oregon, Washington, and California. Residential permits declined in Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Idaho but increased by 15.3 % in the Northern 34 and 4 % increase in Washington. The Asian crisis has not effected other states in the region as much as Oregon thats why it is experiencing some economy growth diff iculties. Economics

Strategic Management for Innovation Through Business

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Innovation Through Business. Answer: Introduction: United parcel service was established in Seattle, Washington in the year 1907 by James E. Casey and was initially named as American Messenger Company. However, in 1919 the business was renamed as United Parcel Service. After a decade, United Parcel Service established itself as the first package delivery service company which provides air service with the help of private airlines. In the preceding year, the company extended to the east coast began its processes in New York. By the end of 1975 United Package Service developed the first company to serve each address that was in United States and commenced international service by 1985. In the year 1992, United Parcel Service commenced tracking every ground packages and developed their own websites by the year 1994. With the help of personal digital assistant (PDA) users were provided the facilities of calculating their shipping rates with the help of text messages or any other form of wireless communication device(ups.com 2016). Presently, United Parcel Service is regarded as the leader of parcel transporter and became the major business in the logistics company in terms of the revenues and profit generated. Current strategy of UPS: Competitive strategy of UPS is understood as the process through which a business is splits itself from their competition prevailing in the same market or industry. UPS separates its product through product industry wide differentiation instead of emphasising on the price as the UPS focuses on providing best services to its customers across the industry. The current strategy of UPS is relatively aimed at providing inexpensive service which can assist the customers ship packages practically across any part of the world. Though the prices in recent years have increased but the quality and degree of services provided has not degraded as UPS continuous to provide great customers service and timely delivery of services(ups.com 2016). With the implementation of new and innovative technology UPS have been able to deliver products at the door steps of customers across 220 countries and territories. The process of market segmentation for UPS is based on industry wise due to the wide range of customers and numerous locations though it continuous to remain reliable. It is evident that its competitors have lowered the cost however UPS defines that it continuous to handle large volume of delivery packages than their customers with the objective of providing guaranteed satisfaction (ups.com 2016). UPS have currently greater strives in delivering customers packages by going ahead of time and reaching out its branches on a international basis. With the growing of business, it has become easier for UPS to reach out its customers and conduct business in overseas markets as well. Figure 1: UPS cost differentiation strategy (Source Dagnino 2016) The above stated business model reflects the cost and differentiation strategy through which the company functions and operates. Originally the company targets the industry wide segment or one segment of the specific market and in the later stages it provides product and services at competitive cost by focusing more on customers satisfaction. Analysis of appropriate framework for analysing environment faced by organisation: To understand the strategic position of UPS within the logistics services PEST and Porters five forces analysis have been conducted to better understand the strategic position including the international services as well (Hill and Jones 2013). These forces help in understanding the ability of the organisation to meet the goals and carry out its strategy in the logistics industry. PEST Analysis: Political analysis: Political consists of the items such as taxes, labour laws, mandated services and government influence (Rachet2014.). As a leader of logistics services UPS is responsible to its shareholders and the government of Saudi Arabia. The political factors include Liberalisation of international trade International trade regulations and limitations Expansion for infrastructure and information technologies Economic analysis: The economic analysis consists of the factors which included interest rates, exchange and rate of inflation along with the economic conditions prevailing within the industry or organisation. The economic challenges for UPS is directly related with challenges high cost of labour and its prevailing union contracts(ups.com 2016). The analysis of economic factors provides an overview of Economic integration Globalisation of economic growth Stage of business cycle Confidence relating to consumer Social analysis: The analysis of the social factors consists of the cultural, demographics and social trends. The sociocultural factors consist of the consumer spending large amount of time on online mode with the increasing in the number of purchases being made online (Team 2013). The sociocultural factors include Changes in lifestyle of both domestic and local consumers Growing populations with increased growth in urbanisation and higher incidence of growth in metropolises. Technological analysis: The technological factors of UPS consist of the level of acceptance and the degree of innovation in the supply of logistics. The technological elements of UPS of consist of the following Developing nationwide communication E-commerce E-shipping Energy use and cost involved in delivery Changes made in the information technology Porters five forces analysis of UPS: According to Michael E. Porter a business is up with five forces which can create an impact on the profitability of the business and its sustainability within the industry (Bischoff 2016). The five forces are the bargaining power of the customers, threat possessed by the substitute product, bargaining ability of the supplier, threat possessed by new market entrant and prevalent of competitive rivalry among the industry. Bargaining power of customers: (Low) The bargaining power of consumers highlights the effect that the create over a business. For UPS the bargaining supremacy of consumers is relatively low since the company has large number of loyalty customers. It is evident because there are less logistics companies that can offer the same service, which UPS can provide (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). Hence, even if the customers establish a business globally they will continue to possess lower bargaining power as UPS is established across the world and there are not many places where UPS cannot provide its service. Threat of substitute products: (Low) Threat of substitute goods is referred as auxiliary goods or services, which the customer can use as an alternative of business or services. UPS relatively faces lower threat from its substitute products as there are not large number of companies, which provides the shipping facilities across the globe. A rival company may use his employees to drive the product or packages to required destination however; such measure would be costly and could turn very inefficient process of delivering an item (Dobbs, 2014). Hence, UPS offers its services to those companies and individuals that remain dependent on their day-to-day operations. Bargaining power of suppliers: (Medium) The suppliers force of UPS is termed as medium since the dealers have the control over few characteristics of UPS operations. UPS does not alone own all trailers and delivery vans used in packaging vans as companies like Swift Transportation have bargaining forces while renting their vehicles. Furthermore, UPS has also entered the contract with Boeing Company so that they cannot increase the price of air carrier whereas another supplier have limited control over the gasoline companies. The suppliers are thus restricted on imposing charges on per gallons of gases used. Threat of new entrant: (Low) Threat of new entrant is characterised as level of difficulty possessed in the business. For UPS the threat possessed by the new entrant is considered as low there are prevailing barriers of high investment cost to commence operations and economies of large obtainable to UPS (Bischoff 2016). A large volume of investment is mandatory to start a delivery company and with economies of large scale, UPS can afford to charge lower price for packages since the company handles large number of units on daily basis. Rivalry amongst prevailing companies: (Medium) Rivalry represents current situations of existing participants in one specific industries that offer the identical goods or service. For UPS the rivalry amongst its competitors is medium since the company faces intense competitions from other delivery companies like Fed Ex, DHL and USPS. UPS though remains the standard-bearer of the logistics industry and well established companies as amazon outsources the flagship service of UPS as the company is known to handle large number of units than DHL or USPS. Analysis of strategic capabilities of UPS: It is often regarded as difficult to move outside the core competency and handle logistics to generate higher value customer services. Logistics forms the core competency for UPS as a network of strategically located distribution centres minimises the capital investment (ups.com 2016). Through services provided by UPS helps the company to access the established network and Information technology to gain advantages of cost and services without the capital cost and risk of investing. Positioning products closer to their customers: UPS network of facilities provides the company with the optimum amount of inventory and helps in reducing the time involved in transit. UPS through its wide spread distribution services network it can reach around 99% of the populations in two days through its ground delivery systems (ups.com 2016). UPS helps in matching the right cost by reaching its customers efficiently across the country or around the globe. Its customers can rely on the global and transportation services of its experienced staff to design effective solution through its wide network and transportation modes. Integrated system of managing shipments and inventories: UPS Information technology systems offers facilities of tracking shipment and obtain necessary information, which is needed in fulfilling the orders and optimising the product inventory (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). UPS service distribution network offers inbound receiving, storage services, replenishment, standardised management reports, inventory returns etc. Thus, under a new competitive environment, UPS strategy is to sustain the business of core packaging through improved supply chain and financial power provides UPS a competitive edge over FedEx and DHL. Stakeholder analysis: UPS consider the stakeholder engagement as an essential element of its corporate governance. The company serves more than 220 countries with millions either of investors having shares in their portfolios directly or through mutual funds. Regular communications with employees, customers, investors, community leaders, public officials and suppliers forms an essential part of the analysis. UPS considers formal and informal channels essential in conducting its business as well as developing and implementing its sustainable strategies (ups.com 2016). One of the oldest logistics company, UPS have been engaged with its stakeholders for decades. The company has the long-standing viewpoint of constructive dissatisfaction as it continuously looks forward to help its customers, employees and its stakeholder to do more. UPS believes that this can help in bringing new ideas for the company and conduct an ongoing engagement with its broad range of stakeholders (Chevalier 2016). Stakeholder mapping: Stakeholders Action/Response a. Socially accountable investors Holding a facilitated session to conduct discussion on material issues which is relevant in European regions b. Employees Generating solicited feedback from employees based on handling of packages and improved tracking. c. Customers Developing questions based on internal market research projects and segmented focussed on high tech industry d. Suppliers Formalising a regional sustainability governance structure to empower small and medium sized enterprise to access global markets. Table 1: Stakeholder Mapping of UPS (Source Chevalier 2016) Undertaking a New Strategy Considering the importance of strategic management in gaining competitive advantages in the organization, UPS can develop several strategies in the future years. From evaluation of the effectiveness of Porters generic strategies model, it can be stated that competitive advantage takes place from the generic strategies implementation that fits the organizational environment (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). The competitive strategies those can be adopted by UPS Company encompass cost leadership and differentiation strategies. From the porters five forces analysis it is served that the power of suppliers of UPS Company is quite low, for this reason, the company can implement product differentiation strategy (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). From the strategic position analysis of UPS Company, it is observed that the company is positioned well among its competitors and the services along with the products offered by the company are highly differentiated. Despite that, to attain more differentiation in term services, the company can consider implementing differentiation strategy (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Another strategy from the porters generic strategies that can serve to be effective for the UPS Company is focus strategy. In this strategy, the company can consider implementing cost leadership or differentiation strategy. To develop effective corporate growth strategies, UPS Company can develop strategies based on Ansoff Matrix in which the company can focus on its present and potential services and the markets (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Ansoff matrix can support in developing a range of strategies for UPS Company that can help it in gaining a competitive edge. For instance, market penetration strategy can serve as an effective strategy for the company in attaining completive advantage in certain countries. Moreover, the marketing strategy and the promotional mix present in the UPS Company require extreme improvement and great focus (Hussain et al. 2013). UPS Company must develop effective strategies to maintain its position as the leading provider of specialised transportation, capital, logistics and e-commerce services. At the time, the product development strategy can bring out effective solutions for the company particularly within the non-convergent communities that focuses on the importance of the development of specialised UPS services to address the demands of the consumers those seek for superior quality carrier and package delivery services (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). How the Current Strategy Fits With the Organisation, Its Stakeholders and Strategic Capability Strategic fit of the proposed strategies with business environment and fit with the strategic objectives of stakeholders is evaluated to identify and offer justification for the strategy that can be pursued by the UPS Company in the future years. The table below presents proper evaluation and comparison of the proposed strategies based on Ansoff Matrix and Porters Generic Strategies, in consideration to the strategies suitability, feasibility and acceptability (Banker, Mashruwala and Tripathy2014). Table 1: Proposed Strategies for USB Company Proposed Strategies Feasibility Acceptance Suitability Differentiation Moderate feasibility as great market research is needed to identify the required resources Moderate acceptance as risks are involved in developing new services High suitability for USB Company offers differentiated services as per the culture and values of its target market segment Cost leadership Increased feasibility for the reason that bargaining power of suppler is low High acceptance for it addresses the objectives of retaining its recent consumers High suitability as it effectively deals with low supplier power Differentiation and focus Low feasibility as increased resources are needed for the marketing activities and service development Moderate acceptance due to decreased associated risks Moderate suitability for this strategy can deal with the threat of substitution at the time service is differentiated Cost focus High feasibility for as no resources will be required for this strategy Moderate acceptance from stakeholders for it attains developed objectives. Moderate suitability as it can deal with the threat of new entrants Market Development Low feasibility for it needs huge financial and human resources Low acceptance for UPS Company has positioned its business in all the suitable markets High suitability for it will help in market penetration considering the buying power of consumers is low. Market penetration Low feasibility as it needs to focus on the existing efforts on the available market Moderate acceptance as it supports organizational objectives with less risks Moderate suitability as it deals with the recent competition and in consideration to the effective marketing Diversification High acceptance as this is extremely risky High suitability as it deals with certain concerns such as threat of new entrants Moderate feasibility as it will not require huge resources for the company mainly offers services. Service development Low acceptance as such strategy on being unsuccessful can adversely impact the organizational performance High acceptance as it is aligned with the culture of the company Low suitability as service development requires increased research and development initiatives and marketing strategies (Source: Ansoff 2013) In consideration to the evaluation of the proposed strategies, diversification and cost leadership strategies are deemed highly suitable for UPS Company in gaining competitive advantages. UPS Company can implement both the strategies in order: Increase its loyal consumer base within the competitive markets through employing cost leadership services (Dagnino 2016). Enhance the business performance within competitive markets with the service diversification strategy and through developing unique specialised transportation, capital, logistics and e-commerce services. For attaining increasing profits that supports the business activities of UPS Company through implementing cost leadership strategies that can help in decreasing overall operational cost of the company (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). After implementing the selected strategies USB Company can make sure that, it has constant focus on its strategic capabilities and competitive advantages. Before implementing the proposed strategies in future, UPS Company is recommended to evaluate certain aspects that can affect effective implementation of its strategic plan (Magretta 2013). The company must make sure that the decided strategic plan can be supported with the existing resources and objective of the company. Execution of the new strategic plan of the company must consider regulate strategic planning, formulation, execution along with regular monitoring and evaluation (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Analysis of strategic actions over the past five years to determine the balance of emergent and intended approaches: UPS strategic vision has changed over the years as it is still focussed on serving customers at low cost given the scenario of changing trends and advancement made in technology. During the year 2010, the basic strategy was to be the leading provider of packaged delivery however by 2015 became the global leader in e-commerce. This is because of technological advancement made in transport and communication, which increased the trend towards globalization of supply and markets. This strategically created an impact on the UPS and their traditional consumers, which ultimately opened the opportunity to serve new customers such as online retailers or new customers in other countries (ups.com 2016). Their changed strategy led to the recognition of worldwide business model by advancement made in the technology and internet, which shifted the control from seller to buyer. In this new competitive environment, UPS strategy is to sustain their core package delivery business and preparing for the future by using the technology introduced. UPS aligns with such emergent technological advancement as it facilitates in assembly of goods based on the demand of customers and adjusting the inventory to buffer the demand fluctuations. Future evaluations of strategies: Eight years after such emergent change in technology made for air package delivery across the hub UPS has completed a significant $1 billion expansion of World port. The port has increased its sorting capacity to approximately 416,000 units per hour, which represent 37% of its sorting capacity (ups.com 2016). The increasing demand for hub capacity for UPS is driven by long-term growth needs in the companys overseas express shipping business. The expansion facility will continue to feature the new technology with well-recognised programmes of minority contracting and state of the art equipment. 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